Network design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

System structure - Essay Example Be that as it may, ABC Company can accomplish these abilities by actualizing a corporate system innovation framework that can offer the business various offices, devices, and administrations, for example, information sharing, correspondence, documents move, and connecting various offices inside the organization. The administration of ABC needs to execute a PC arrange so as to improve business profitability and offer better types of assistance to its customers. Also, the administration is happy to put vigorously in new offices and supplies or giving a reliably predominant standard of administrations. With the conventional methods of information sharing and correspondence the ABC Company is confronting a ton of issues in dealing with the business exercises. A few issues with the customary working game plan are given beneath: Since, the issues and issues ABC Company is confronting are basic. To adequately manage these issues and issues there is have to actualize a powerful system by utilizing most recent devices and advancements. The new system innovation based stages will be planned for offering a superior business backing and working abilities. The new innovation stage will be a brought together business organize plan that will offer better business working and operational

The Ftaa Essay Research Paper The FTAA free essay sample

The Ftaa Essay, Research Paper The FTAA is the Free Trade Area Americas. Its central end is to extend the North American Free Trade Agreement to the full Hemisphere. The FTAA unites all the pioneers of North, South and Central America ( with the exception of Cuba ) to Quebec for a few gatherings and discoursed. The FTAA should embraced no consequently than 2005. The FTAA was begun in December 1994 in Miami. This summit brought caputs of territory and specialists of 34 vote based systems together to fabricate a Free Trade Area Americas. By making so this would stifle exchange hindrances investings between states. The FTAA s program of activity should augment our majority rules systems, brief success through monetary incorporating and facilitated commerce, destroy poverty and bias in our side of the equator, and warrant supportable turn of events and proceed with our regular habitat for the great beyond. The second gathering of the Americas took topographic point in Santiago Chile in April of 1998. We will compose a custom article test on The Ftaa Essay Research Paper The FTAA or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The FTAA s financial range depends on seven cardinal constituents ; Free exchange the Americas, state house markets improvement and Liberalization, hemispheric base, vitality enterprise, media transmission and data base, participation in logical order and building, and touristry. A few derivations that may go alongside the top could be revolting from protesters ; battles could begin between authoritiess, discords and so forth. Facilitated commerce should reinforce our majority rule government, do our financial framework progressively productive. Contrasted with the NAFTA understanding we have now the FTAA appears to be progressively loosened for developing and possibility. I represent a request why non look for something new? . Possibilities benefits for the great beyond are ; more grounded vote based systems, progressively monetary stableness, douse bias inside the Americas, and it should be ecologically benevolent in proceeding with our condition for the great beyond. Reactions of the FTAA differ in subjects. A few subjects are that organized commerce is an ecologically antagonistic recommendation. These hostile issues incorporate moving products significant distances, which consumes petroleum derivatives and adds to the contamination noticeable all around. The worry of harmful waste, protesters have plentifulness of outlines of such issues that have just happened with the NAFTA understanding.

Financial analysis of an energy company - 550 Words

Financial analysis of an energy company (Case Study Sample) Content: Title: Studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s name: Institution: Course: City: Date: Part one: Analysis 1 Current ratio for SME Petroleum Current ratio: = Current AssetsCurrent liabilities = for FY 2011;= 6,9314,899= 1.4244 for FY 2010;= 6,6754,114= 1.6225 Quick ratio for SME Petroleum Quick Ratio: Current Assets-InventoryCurrent liabilities = for FY 2011;= 6,931-9754,899= 1.2158 for FY 2010;= 6,675-5724,114= 1.4835 2 SME Petroleumà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s debt to equity ratio Debt to equity ratio: Total Long-term debtTotal equity = for FY 2011;= 27,89718,105= 1.5408 for FY 2010;= 26,00620,684= 1.2573 The debt to equity ratio has increased from 1.2573 in the financial year 2010 to 1.5408 in the year 2011. This implies that the company was highly leveraged in the year 2011 than it was in the previous fiscal year (Simkins Simkins R. 2013). 3 Working capital Working capital (WC) = current assets à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" current liabilities WC 2011; 6,931m-4,899m=$2,032,000,000 WC 2011; 6,675m-4,114m=$2,561,000,000 Part two: Reporting Relevance of financial analysis in ascertaining company performance Financial analysis refers to a process of examining the financial health of a firm. It offers a good management tool that is essential in assessing the general performance of the firm. Financial analysis helps in the interpretation of the books of accounts and financial statements in determining the liquidity or solvency of the organization (Abdel-Khalik R. 2011). The most common financial analysis method adopted by most of the businesses is ratio analysis. It involves comparison of two or more financial data in the financial statements to measure the financial health of the firm. Moreover, various ratios are used for the above purpose, and they help in deciding on the risk that the firm is more likely to face. For instance, energy companies are capital intensive and hence the huge amount of money needs to be invested. Financial analysis is vital to these business sectors as it also helps the investors in managing the financial risk that the firm is about to face and even avoiding fu ture financial distress. In this case, we have used liquidity ratio and leverage ratio to assess the financial health of SME Petroleum; Liquidity ratios evaluates the firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability to settle off its current obligations as they fall due. The higher the ratios, the more profitable the firm. Current ratio and quick ratio have been used to assess the financial health of the firm. SME Petroleum has got a current ratio of 1.42 in the year 2011 and 1.62 in the year 2010. Even though this ratio indicates good perfomance and financial health, the ratios are below the recomennded rate of 1:2. There is also an importance of comparing the financial ratios of a company to the average industry ratios. For a good performing company, the ratios should be equal or higher than the industry rates (Abdel-Khalik R. 2011). Project financing and financial analysis Financial analysis plays a great role in project financing as it help m...

Correcting a Run-On Sentence With a Period or Semicolon

The simplest way to correct a run-on sentence (also known as a fused sentence) is with a mark of punctuation—a period or semicolon. Correcting a Run-on Sentence With a Period To make two separate sentences out of a run-on, put a period at the end of the first main clause and begin the second main clause with a capital letter: Run-on SentenceMerdine is a skilled carpenter she single-handedly built a two-story log cabin.CorrectedMerdine is a skilled carpenter . She single-handedly built a two-story log cabin. Inserting a period at the end of the first main clause is often the best way to correct a long run-on sentence. Correcting a Run-on Sentence With a Semicolon Another way to separate two main clauses is with a semicolon: Run-on SentenceMerdine is a skilled carpenter she single-handedly built a two-story log cabin.CorrectedMerdine is a skilled carpenter ; she single-handedly built a two-story log cabin. Be careful not to overwork the semicolon. The mark is most often used between two main clauses that are closely related in meaning and grammatical form. Adding a Conjunctive Adverb Although a period or semicolon will correct a run-on sentence, a mark of punctuation alone wont explain how the second main clause relates to the first one. To make this relationship clear, you can follow the period or semicolon with a conjunctive adverb--that is, a transitional expression that introduces a main clause. The common conjunctive adverbs show that you are continuing a thought (furthermore, moreover), offering a contrast (however, nonetheless, still), or showing a result (accordingly, consequently, then, therefore, thus). Unlike coordinating conjunctions, conjunctive adverbs dont join main clauses; however, they do guide your readers by linking ideas: I loathed my job more than I loved the paycheck; consequently, I quit work and returned to college.After three days of rain, I was tempted to abandon the hike. Nevertheless, on the fourth day I took bearings from my compass and set out due west toward Cedar Bay. Remember that a conjunctive adverb between two main clauses should be preceded by a semicolon or period. It is usually followed by a comma. This exercise will give you practice in applying the guidelines on page one of  Correcting a Run-on Sentence With a Period or Semicolon. To view the exercise without ads, click on the printer icon near the top of this page. Instructions: Use either a period or a semicolon to correct each of the run-on sentences below. A jump rope is the ultimate aerobic exercise it provides a top-notch daily workout.My teacher never missed a day of school I think even the flu and the common cold were afraid of that lady.Experience is not what happens to you it is what you do with what happens to you.A low blood-sugar level signals  hunger a higher one tells the brain that you dont need to eat.A lobotomy is a fairly simple operation however amateurs should not attempt it.Fifty years ago, parents were apt to have several children nowadays children are apt to have several parents.Humor is a rubber sword it allows you to make a point without drawing blood.Black magic is meant to harm or destroy white magic is intended to benefit an individual or the community.Carefully open the can of soup empty the contents of the can into a saucepan and stir gently.Its not enough to hear opportunity knock you must let him in, make friends, and work together with him.Boy bands should be exploded from a great height theyre just pret ty people singing music written by others.Happiness is the key to success if you love what you are doing, you will be successful.It is not the strongest of the species that survives nor the most intelligent that survives it is the one that is the most adaptable to change.Courage is doing what youre afraid to do there can be no courage unless youre scared.During a boat trip in 1862, Charles Dodgson began telling a story about an adventure in a world full of peculiar creatures the place was called Wonderland. Answers A jump rope is the ultimate aerobic exercise. It  [or  ;  it] provides a top-notch daily workout.My teacher never missed a day of school. I  [or  ;  I] think even the flu and the common cold were afraid of that lady.Experience is not what happens to you. It  [or  ;  it] is what you do with what happens to you.A low blood-sugar level signals hunger.  A  [or  ;  A] higher one tells the brain that you dont need to eat.A lobotomy is a fairly simple operation. However,  [or  ;  however,] amateurs should not attempt it.Fifty years ago, parents were apt to have several children. Nowadays  [or  ;  nowadays] children are apt to have several parents.Humor is a rubber sword. It  [or  ;  it] allows you to make a point without drawing blood.Black magic is meant to harm or destroy. White  [or  ;  white] magic is intended to benefit an individual or the community.Carefully open the can of soup. Empty  [or  ;  empty] the contents of the can int o a saucepan and stir gently.Its not enough to hear opportunity knock. You  [or  ;  you] must let him in, make friends, and work together with him.Boy bands should be exploded from a great height. Theyre  [or  ;  theyre] just pretty people singing music written by others.Happiness is the key to success. If  [or  ;  if] you love what you are doing, you will be successful.It is not the strongest of the species that survives nor the most intelligent that survives. It  [or  ;  it] is the one that is the most adaptable to change.Courage is doing what youre afraid to do. There  [or  ;  there] can be no courage unless youre scared.During a boat trip in 1862, Charles Dodgson began telling a story about an adventure in a world full of peculiar creatures. The  [or  ;  the] place was called Wonderland.

Essay on Waco - 1045 Words

Waco On February 28, 1993, the nation watched as government law officials climbed the walls of the Branch-Davidian compound on Mount Carmel in Waco, Texas, breaking windows and throwing grenades inside the buildings, all for arresting Vernon Wayne Hall, A.K.A. David Koresh. Koresh was the leader of the Davidians, who believed that Koresh was a god who lived in this religious community on Mount Carmel. The publics first view of this crisis was from the presss not very supportive opinion of the Davidians beliefs. The newspaper articles were leaning on the governments side, which they had every right to do, until April 19. On April 19, 1993, Mount Carmel rapidly burned to the ground, taking the lives of seventy-six people.†¦show more content†¦Another significant piece of evidence is the nine survivors of the fire have no recollection of how the fire began, because they didnt see it start. The concern that most people have of this incident comes from the fact that the government lied, broke internal orders and, most importantly, denied the Mount Carmel residents their constitutional rights. This scandal is more serious than other affairs, like Watergate, because the Attorney General, Janet Reno, stepped in for the President by giving the executive order for government officials to invade Mount Carmel. Eventually, Mount Carmel was burned to the ground and a lot of fingers point to the government officials who unmistakably did not cooperate with the Mount Carmel residents. In the Watergate affair, the public believes that the seriousness of the crisis comes from the Presidents abuse of power, like the Iran-Contra or the Lewinsky scandals. They were major crises, but Waco involves improprieties by all three branches of government, and, as a result, innocent people were massacred. Waco is important for three major reasons: It raises questions about human rights in our country; it involves a scandal involving all three branches of government; it opens the d oor for our government to tolerate more of this behavior. The residents of Mount Carmel were American citizens with constitutional rights, but their rights were violated because of complaintsShow MoreRelated The Waco Incident Essay4668 Words   |  19 PagesThe Waco Incident My name is Jim, just Jim it’s easier this way, and I was one of the nine survivors in the Waco compound standoff. Before I go into what I think went wrong to our religious sanctuary, let me tell you how I met David and a little about our great deciple.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Back in the early 90’s I had been drumming in a nowhere rock band when I met and befriended David Koresh. I needed some new drum sticks, and on the way to a gig stopped in at a local music shop. Seeing the sticks in my handRead MoreThe Waco Siege Ended 221586 Words   |  7 PagesThe Waco siege ended 22 years ago in a colossal fire that ended up killed 76 people including two pregnant women and over 20 children. The siege began on February 28, 1993, when the US Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) attempted to execute a search warrant at Mount Carmel Center ranch, a property held by religious group Branch Davidians in Waco, Texas (leppard, 2013). The government suspected a radical religious leader David Koresh of stock piling firearms and manufacturing drugs. TheRead MorePoor Decisions at Waco Essay920 Words   |  4 PagesPoor Decisions at Waco Neither the Branch Davidians, nor the ATF, nor the FBI, were composed of or led by stupid persons. Yet at Waco, all of these groups made extremely bad decisions. One reason for the high-risk, low-quality decisions of the Branch Davidians, ATF, and FBI is that these groups of intelligent individuals could collectively make decisions much worse than the individuals might have made if they had decided alone. Many of the factors leading to groupthink were present, on allRead MoreIndian Spring Park on the Brazos River in Waco, Texas664 Words   |  3 PagesI visited a place in Waco Texas where I reside. Waco is situated between Dallas and Austin. It was a park called Indian Spring Park. This park is on the west side of the Brazos River. People Go there all the time for festivals and events. The first thing you see in the park is the â€Å"Branding The Brazos statue series†. This is sculptures of cattle and cowboys on horseback. It is a very Large display. It goes along with the famous Chisholm Trail. Cultural Arts of Waco It perceives the crossingRead MoreA Woman Governing Over Texas1914 Words   |  8 PagesAnn Richards made a career in politics, she had a career as a mother and wife. Ann was born in Waco, Texas on September 1 of 1933. Waco back then was segregated, had strong religious ideas, and its people where known as being strict conservatives. Ann met her future husband in 1949 when Ann and David where on their senior year in Waco High. Once they graduated high school in 1950, Ann wanted to leave Waco and follow David to Austin where David was studying to become a lawyer at the University of TexasRead MoreThe Case Of The First Waco Horror1206 Words   |  5 Pageseconomy, and an expanding role for the United States Federal government, that simple life began to change, and not necessarily for the better. All three books show this shift and the effect on the life of everyday Texans. In the case of The First Waco Horror, increasing connectivity to the United States and even the world helped to begin to change the view of Lynching and the anti-lynching movement gained popularity, while at the same time lynching increased due to swirling populations from increasedRead MoreDavid Koresh And The Branch Davidians Ninth Day Adventists1606 Words   |  7 PagesBible and rock music. He eventually legally married Rachel Jones, with who he would have two daughters and a son. Koresh joined a Branch of Davidians that broke off of the original Seventh-Day Adventists religious group at Mount Carmel Center in Waco, Texas. It is speculated he had an affair with the sects who was a much older prophetess named Lois Roden, who became pregnant by Koresh, and however, lost the baby. Once Lois Roden passed away, it was undecided between Koresh and Lois Roden’s sonRead MoreThe Branch Davidian Compound Raid2119 Words   |  9 PagesThe Branch Davidian Compound Raid: Waco, TX 1993 On the morning of April 19, 1993, heavily armed FBI and ATF agents moved into the compound puncturing holes in the compound walls so they could pump in tear gas, to flush out the cult members with the least harm. Using loudspeakers, officers told the Branch Davidians no armed assault would be made and to hold their fire. When cult members opened their weapons, the FBI increased the tear gas assault and began firing military grenade launches at theRead MorePolice Department And Their Influence On The City Of Waco849 Words   |  4 Pagesplays into the progression or deterioration of a community’s ability to thrive is law enforcement agencies. In a survey that was conducted at Baylor University, students polled local residence on their perspective on the Waco Police Department and their influence on the city of Waco. A thriving community should seek social change through civil disobedience. As MLK and so many other social activists have demonstrated, peaceful protest promotes awareness and change. All individuals within the communityRead MoreThe From A Los Angeles Seventh- Day Adventists1411 Words   |  6 PagesA man by the name, Victor Houteff was â€Å"defellowshipped from a Los Angeles Seventh- day Adventists church† (CRI) in 1929 and 1930. Due to his unforeseen spiritual movement, Waco Texas in 1993 experienced a 51 day biblical event like never before seen or experienced since the first coming of Christ. The Branch Davidians along with the infamous David Koresh came to be because of Houteff â€Å"sharing his â€Å"Divergent Views† with other church members† (CRI). It was five years after he was ostracized from the

A Barred Owl vs the History Teacher free essay sample

The childish tone of â€Å"A Barred Owl† is kept through the constant rhyming in the poem like â€Å"boom†¦room† and â€Å"heard†¦bird†. The rhyming combined with the childish tone helps put the reader in the frame of mind of the child and how the child thinks. When the owl makes noise, the parents say it’s the owl asking â€Å"Who cooks for you? † The child will think of her parents each time the owl makes noise, hereby deterring the child’s immense fear of the owl outside her window. The lies given off accommodate with the childish tone and help the reader look at the fear from the child’s point of view. The History Teacher† has the ironic and sarcastic tone that shows the teacher’s lack of an actual lesson. Each lesson the teacher gives, he wants to â€Å"protect his students’ innocence†. The lessons, which are presented as metaphors, contribute to the ironic and sarcastic due to the fact that the serious lessons are compared to trivial things that in no way relate to the actual topic. We will write a custom essay sample on A Barred Owl vs the History Teacher or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even the teacher is affected by the irony and sarcasm as he walks home and sees the â€Å"flower beds and white picket fences† as confirmation that everything is perfect in the world. Again, the teacher compares something small to something bigger that he assumes. Danger presents itself in â€Å"A Barred Owl† and adds a darker/dangerous tone. The combination of the dangerous tone and the childish tone, which is continued through the rhyming, shows the child’s point of view of the outside night. Although the child was comforted by her parents, she is still frighten she is and shows that she needs to be protected. In â€Å"The History Teacher†, after the lessons taught by the teacher, the children â€Å"leave his classroom for the playground to torment the weak and the smart†. This shows how the teacher isn’t teaching any real lessons for the children to learn from and use in life and shows the continuity of the ironic and sarcastic tone. The poems â€Å"A Barred Owl† by Richard Wilbur and â€Å"The History Teacher† by Billy Collins each show adults lying to children. Using different literary devices in each poem, both authors demonstrate the effects of the children being lied to. â€Å"A Barred Owl† relates the author to the child’s fear in the childish tone given off while â€Å"The History Teacher† gives an ironic and sarcastic tone to show the children’s innocence turn to ignorance.

Negative response letter free essay sample

Our company has become aware of several unusual returns you have made at Coach. Specifically, in our Florida stores, you have returned items without a receipt to indicate the original purchase information. Coach prides itself in the craftsmanship that takes place in the manufacturing of our products as well as the level of service that our customers receive In our stores.It appears from these returns that Coach goes not appear to be satisfying your shopping needs. We would like to know what the problem was so that we may resolve It. The Coach store will not process any returns for you without a receipt to Indicate Orlando purchase Information. If you have any questions, you can call loss prevention at 1800-555-555 to discuss the matter. Thank you in advance for your understanding. We look forward to speaking with you, so that we may satisfy your shopping needs at Coach. We will write a custom essay sample on Negative response letter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sincerely, Loss Prevention Manager Specifically, In our Florida stores, you have returned Items without a receipt to Indicate the Orlando purchase Information. Coach prides Itself In the craftsmanship the problem was so that we may resolve it. The Coach store will not process any returns for you without a receipt to indicate original purchase information. If you that our customers receive in our stores.

The Problem of Pedophilia in Modern Society

The Problem of Pedophilia in Modern Society Pedophilia is described as the act of an adult or a late adolescent (16 years and older) having asexual orientation towards children (14years and below); normally a child who is five years younger than them. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Problem of Pedophilia in Modern Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Production and selling of child pornography is also considered as pedophilic behavior. The individuals who practice these acts are known as pedophiles. Though pedophilia is listed in the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders) as a mental illness, many scientists beg to differ and campaign for its removal. Many debates have arisen from a number of individuals either in support of pedophilia being in the DSM while others argue vehemently against its inclusion in the DSM like Dr. Richard Green a psychiatrist in the Charing Cross Hospital, London who is an dedicated campaigner against pedophilia being categorized as a mental disorder (Ahlers et al. 2007). Across many cultures in the world, pedophilia is not considered to be morally wrong. Actually it is encouraged and praised like the Siwans in North Africa consider anal intercourse between men and boys as being an integral part of their living. It is such an important part of their culture that those who don’t practice it are frowned upon in the society. The Aborigines of Central Australia give another example. There, it is allowed for a grown up man who is not yet married to live with a minor (twelve years or below) for the time of his bachelorhood till he gets married. It was seen that sexual relationship between a minor and an adult was beneficial to the child rather than the adult (Ben-Aron, Hucker, Webster, 2003). Dr. Richard Green argues that general personality features and psychopathology studies are influenced and hampered by sampling bias. He further argues that most of the candidates c hosen for research studies are mostly incarcerated individuals and insists that this is not a credible sample of all the pedophiles. This is supported by Finkelhor et al. (1986) when he wrote â€Å"[They are] a small fraction of all offenders, the most flagrant and repetitive in offending, most socially disadvantaged, and least able to persuade criminal justice authorities to let them off† (p. 34). Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The difference between the incarcerated pedophiles and the non sexual deviant psychiatric patients is very minimal according to the Psychopathic Deviate Scale. Anxiety disorder and mood swings were also found in about two thirds of the non-incarcerated pedophiles. According to these researches, it is safe to say that pedophiles are generally introverted and hence most of the studies on psychosis and neurosis carried out tend to sh ow their levels as slightly elevated but not to a clinically abnormal. Studies on non-pedophiles have also been carried out where 80 â€Å"normal† individuals were studied and questioned about their sexual orientations. They showed that over 25% showed some pedophilic interest when shown pictures of prepubertal children. This study showed penile response of all the 48 soldiers to the adult female pictures, 40 of them for the adolescents and 28 of them to the children between 4 and 10 years. On the flip side, there is another group of individuals who â€Å"enjoy† being pedophiles and even argue that it should be legalized and accepted just like homosexuality. These individuals argue that pedophilia does more good than harm to the child. They have no sense of remorse. These types of individuals are normal and have perfectly normal lives. They engage in pedophilia as a sport. Taking this to account, a big dent is put in the theory that pedophilia is a mental disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental disorders (DSM) is published by the American Psychiatric Association and provides a well packaged and sorted out list of all mental disorders that affect both adults and children. It was first published in 1952 and has been revised a total of five times. Pedophilia has been listed here from the DSM I to DSM IV-TR. In DSM-I pedophilia is listed as a sexual deviation and was labeled â€Å"sociopathic† (went against societal morals), in DSM -II, â€Å"sociopathy† was removed and it became a non-psychotic mental disorders but it still remained as a sexual deviation (Blanchard, Cantor, Robichaud, 2006). In DSM-III pedophilia became a paraphilia. In DSM-III-R pedophilia was categorized as a â€Å"sexual paraphilia†. This categorizing gave rise to the argument that pedophilia was not a mental disorder but a social more. DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic criteria for pedophilia states that; A pedophile is an individual who over a peri od of six months has recurrent intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children (generally age 13 years or younger), has acted on these sexual urges, or the sexual urges or fantasies cause marked distress or interpersonal difficulty and has acted on these sexual urges, or the sexual urges or fantasies cause marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. (Blanchard, Cantor, Robichaud, 2006, p. 56)Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Problem of Pedophilia in Modern Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is a bit confusing because it only classifies the pedophiles that act on their sexual urges as mentally ill but leaves out the ones who do not. This raises the question as to whether the pedophiles who don’t act on their â€Å"feelings† are mentally ill or not. There are some individuals who argue that pedophilia is a mental illness and pedophiles should not be condemned but should be treated with understanding and drugs. Traditionally, pedophiles were considered to have been molested or abused in their childhood hence their â€Å"abnormal† sexual orientation. This theory has proven true in the past but there have been a number of researches that have pointed to the contrary. One of this new development shows that pedophilia is indeed a mental disorder. Many individuals have embarked on the process of searching for treatment and a cure for pedophilia. One such individual is Dr. Anthony Siracusa, who treats sexually abused children, argues that pedophiles are regressed offenders. This means that they do not move forward in terms of relationships and they tend to be moving backwards (that is to children) instead of moving towards adults. Dr.Hord also agrees with this and adds that pedophiles are insecure and are often not capable of having intimate relationships with other adults and keep moving from one relationship to another. Pedophiles prefer children because they have control over them and they tend to feel more confident among children than among anyone else. According to Dr. James Cantor and his team, pedophiles brains have less white matter. In biology, the white matter is responsible for the thinking process (wiring). These studies were carries out on incarcerated pedophiles. Interesting studies that has been done in this area has indicated that pedophiles generally have lower IQ, are shorter and most of them are left-handed. This might be the reason for their general lack of self esteem. Dr. Cantor insists that the studies carried out are not meant to act as a scapegoat for pedophilia but it is meant to enhance the process of treating and even curing pedophilia. There are a number of theories that try to explain pedophilia. One theory considers pedophilia as paraphilia where it is argued that it mostly affects men since testosterone predisposes men to having deviant and queer sexual behaviors. This, however, does not explain the reason for female pedophiles hence this theory is inconclusive.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another theory regards pedophilia as a psychological issue. Most researchers argue that pedophiles were sexually abused as children or they have very strained relationships with their parents. Others argue that pedophiles are attracted to children because they never really matured psychologically. They still reason and think like children hence their resultant attraction to children. Another group regard pedophiles behave the way they do as a result of having an urge to control their sexual partners hence their attraction to children. Children are weaker both physically and emotionally than adults. This theory is mostly proven in male pedophiles because most of they crave domination and they don’t seem to achieve that with adult females or males. Researchers supporting this idea argue that pedophilia is an illness like any other and pedophiles should be treated with concern and understanding. In conclusion, human beings have a lot of desires. The society that we live in toda y is full of people with a lot of depraved sexual perversions. Pedophilia is simply one of them. Pedophilia is not in the same level as homosexuality as the latter is considered as sexual interaction between two adults who have willingly accepted to engage in it. For Pedophilia, only the adult has the consent; the child is simply a victim. A pedophile is an adult who knowingly has sexual relations with a child. This means that he/she sits down and hatches a plan on how to â€Å"woo† a child. It is pre-meditated and is certainly not a mental disorder. It is simply an act of satisfying one’s selfish desires and hiding these individuals under the clause â€Å"mental illness† is wrong because we would end up classifying all those individuals from the different cultures in the world as being mentally ill. Pedophilia is not a mental illness and it should be removed from the DSM. References Ahlers, J., Schaefer, A., Mundt, A., Roll, S., Englert, H., Willich, N., Bei er, M. (2007). How Unusual are the Contents of Paraphilias? The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2(3), 23-98. Ben-Aron, M., Hucker, J., Webster, D. (2003). Clinical Criminology: The assessment and Treatment of Criminal Behavior. Toronto, Canada: M M Graphics. Blanchard, R., Cantor, M., Robichaud, K. (2006). Biological Factors in the Development of Sexual Deviance and Aggression in Males. The Juvenile Sex Offender, 8(2), 77–104). Finkelhor, D., Araji, S., Baron, L., Browne, A., Peters, S. D., Wyatt, G. E. (1986). A Sourcebook on Child Sexual Abuse. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Fuller, A. (1989). Child Molestation and Pedophilia: An Overview for the Physician. JAMA, 261(4), 602-6.

Amis Icy Creams

Describe the service organization culture at Amy’s Ice Cream. Amy’s Ice Cream culture is rather laid back. The atmosphere in the parlor is cheery and everyone exhorts a friendly and happy attitude. Amy encourages employee empowerment by allowing the employees to dress as they wish and to interact with customers in a way that is more suitable to their personality. The customers’ attitude is very important to the management as well as the employees so they make sure that customers are always satisfied and receives a high quality consistent product. The store service is conducted in a highly autonomous manner and so far it appears to be not only successful but efficient as Amy’s ice cream has been in existence for a number of years. 2. What are the personalities attributes of the employees who are sought by Amy’s Ice Cream? Amy’s Ice cream has a few specific criteria which future employees must fit. These criteria are not however rigid. Employees should possess a personality that is suitable to a service industry that interacts with customers on a daily basis. They must also feel comfortable expressing themselves with confidence and finesse. One of the most important attributes is the ability to recognize the different types of customers that come into the store and how to deal with them. 3. Design a personnel selection procedure for Amy’s Ice Cream using abstract questioning, a situational vignette, and/or role playing? * Abstract questioning: * Which flavor of Ice Cream best describes your personality? * What kind of customers would you find annoyed? How you would handle it? * What do you know about Ice Cream? * How your past job’s experiences can influence you? * A situational vignette: * How would you face a situation where a customer faint while being serviced? What would you do if the store is being robbed * What would you do if the customer doesn’t have money? (i. e. forgot his/her wallet) * A customer complaining about a hair in the purchased Ice Cream after it’s finished * Role playing: * A particular customer has the habit of always showing up about two minutes before closing and staying late. Often this occurs on the night when weekly store meeting are held after closing time. This delays starting the meeting and furthermore employees are on the clock waiting for the customer to leave. What would you do?

Human resource Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Human resource - Essay Example Talent management helps in the integration of different initiatives of the company (Ashton and Morton, 2005). Figure 1: Talent Management System (Source: Ashton and Morton, 2005) Some of the important components of talent management system are as follows: Need- The business need derived from the business model. Data Collection: The fundamental data needed for good talent acquisitions. Planning: Talent and people planning guided by data analysis critical for good talent decisions. Activities: The conversion of plans into integrated set of activities. Results: The cost, measures and effectiveness criteria to judge the value and impact of Talent Management (Ashton and Morton, 2005). Talent management includes organizational assessment and employee assessment focusing on important positions to be filled (Ashton and Morton, 2005).The assessment of the talent management methods include interviews and psychometric testing which are aligned to the company’s competency model. ... Recruitment and selection are a integral part of the talent management activity as the right candidate for the right position not only helps in improving the effectiveness of the companies but also helps in the reduction of administrative costs. Absenteeism of the workers and employees has become a huge concern for many organizations hence the management of the company should deal with problem effectively to reduce the operational cost. Recruitment and Selection The efficiency and quality of an organization depends upon the human resource of an organization. Hiring and selecting the right candidate for the right position becomes essential. Recruitment and selection form the process of hiring the employees. Recruitment is a strategic function of the human resource department. It is the systematic process of generating a pool of qualified candidates for the organizational post. The process of hiring the candidates starts with human resource planning which helps to determine the type an d number of employees an organization needs. Hiring is an ongoing process and not confined to the formative stages of an organization. This is because some employees leave the organization through retirement and resignation. The process stops only when the organization ceases to exist. Recruitment The process of attracting individuals on a timely basis, in sufficient numbers and with appropriate qualifications, to apply for jobs with an organization (Gusdorf, 2008, p.01). The sources of recruitment are as follows: (Source: Author’s creation) Internal Sources a) Job Posting: The traditional method to announce a job vacancy was to post notice on the HR bulletin board but presently the job notice is

Importance of communication plan in trail transport Essay

Importance of communication plan in trail transport - Essay Example Despite the existence of various transport methods that are fully researched on, the trail system has been neglected and even not cared for because of the social perception (Ministry of Health Promotion). The involvement of organizations such as Rail-to-Trails and other organizations has helped change the perception of the society. Through highlighting of the benefits of the trails the organizations have helped shape the use of trail transport in the country (Rails-to-Trails Conservancy Organization). Rails-to-trails offer several support activities for the use of trails in transport. The organization advocates and influence policy development both for the state and national governments. In addition, the company offers technical assistance to the local trail builders to ensure their design factor in issues of safety and environmental conservation. Through defending the federal Trail banking statute, the organization supports government efforts in the process by developing the necessary support and watchdog activities. The research carried out by the organization helps in shaping the belief and the nature of the existing trails (Rails-to-Trails Conservancy Organization). Trails are important because they improve the health of the community by encouraging involvement in physical activities.

The Phoenician Empire :: World History

The Phoenician Empire The Mediterranean Sea has spawned many civilizations through history. The Phoenicians, which originated around 1200 BCE, is one example. Despite the rather small size of this civilization, its impact on our world has been considerable. Being a seafaring nation, the Phoenicians established colonies all over the Mediterranean area, including the present-day cities of Carthage and Tripoli. As notable traders, they shared cultures with many nations, which allowed their invention of the alphabet to spread throughout Eurasia. The Phoenician Empire continued to evolve until its eventual incorporation into the Persian and Macedonian Empires, around 400 BCE. Phoenicia is an ancient region lying on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. The Empire peaked at around 1000 BCE, and developed until around 700 BCE. Phoenicia, now known as Lebanon, Syria, and Israel, was naturally isolated from other civilizations by the Lebanon Mountains in the east, and the great sea on the west. The small region stretched about 320 kilometers long and about 25 kilometers wide. This geographical isolation gave the Phoenicians enough protection to evolve into a strong nation, while giving it the freedom to trade and explore across the Mediterranean. Although little is known about the ancient civilization, it is known that the government was, at least in part, a monarchy. Royalty was considered a matter of divine descent, so kings could not be chosen outside of the royal family. The merchant families also held much power in Phoenicia, due to their great influence in public affairs. Although the name Phoenicia implies that the civilization was a unified state, the nation consisted of separate city-kingdoms. Each Phoenician City was considered independent from one another, and was ruled by its own king. Phoenicians were known as the most distinguished seafaring traders and merchants of the ancient world. In fact, they called themselves Kena'ani (or Canaanites), which is Hebrew for "Merchant". They established trading colonies all over the Mediterranean Sea, including Carthage, Simyra, Zarephath, Byblos, and Tyre (Sur). Maritime trading also reached into the Atlantic Ocean to England. Some of the goods traded included glass, color dyes, metals, horses, ebony and ivory, linen, coral, honey, spices, oil and precious stones. Maritime trading would not be possible for the Phoenicians without developed nautical technology. Phoenicians were known for having extremely advanced ships and navigation. Ships were built with a keeled hull, which allowed them to travel on the open seas.

Education & life Essay

Education has always been an important part of my life. I have always believed that through hard work and dedication, I may be able to fulfill my dreams and aspirations. Furthermore, I am more inclined into becoming one of the most successful graduates our school has ever had. I want to be able to show the world how an individual like me can make a difference in life. My name is (insert your name here) in taking (NAME OF COURSE) at the (NAME OF THE UNIVERSITY). I consider myself to be a well rounded individual. As a student, I am proficient with subject relating to Math, History and Science (insert subjects where you’re good at). Unlike others, I never experienced any difficulty with Math, for I am able to easily interpret and solve mathematical equations. This great fascination also led to an inclination for Science. History, on the other hand, opens my knowledge to greater heights, for I am greatly interested in the circumstances that happened in the past. I believe that being knowledgeable about these things would help me grasp things that happen nowadays. Aside from my fascination for education, I am also active in my extra curricular activities. I am a well socialized person and loves dealing with everyone else. I believe that having many friends is one of my greatest achievements because I can relate to their ups and downs. Moreover, I also have passion in taking care animals more specifically marine animals. I was overwhelmed when I received my license in scuba diving and this boost my confidence even more. The said license gave me more opportunity to travel beneath the sea and meet my favorite mammals like dolphins and sharks. I am very proud of this achievement because the water world and animal kingdom are part of the society that is not yet congested by pollutions and negative activities as compared to the land. Receiving my license in scuba diving is not that easy. I undergo various exercises and lessons before I succeeded. This can be compare to life and education as well. If I will not work hard and follow the instructions I will end up drowning not only in water but in the pool of ignorance and misery. Education is best achieved when one works harder each day. Being admitted to your good university will serve as the path towards my dream of becoming (insert ambition here). I know that my skills and talents are not enough for me to be considered for a position in your school. All I know is that I am equipped with my determination to succeed and fulfill my dreams. From my experiences, excelling in both co-curricular and extra curricular activities is not easy. Success surpasses just the basics of passing all subjects in school and excelling in them. Success also requires much determination, dedication, hard work and prayers. Moreover, my dreams and aspirations do not end after graduation. I would use my experiences and knowledge to be of service to those in need. Furthermore, I would indulge myself in more programs that could help me become a better individual and a unique professional. I would apply everything that the (insert name of university here) imbibed in me and still yearn for more information and ideas that would help in the upheaval of our society. Being a graduate of this prestigious institution would also come to my advantage, for I may be able to inspire others to strive hard and become known in their chosen fields. My life is filled with numerous decisions, and choosing the (insert name of university here) is definitely the answer to my dreams.

`` Blame Photo Thieves, Not The Female Victim, By...

Strong Response Draft The web is filled with online trolls who would sell what shreds of dignity they have left for an Angela Lansbury nude. Equally, the average internet user has come to despise the delinquents who harm in the form of internet torture. And while he or she could be blamed for being reckless, it is uncommon to guilt the average internet user for being hacked. The fault lies with the malicious hacker. In recent months, many celebrities have had private photos of themselves hacked and posted on the internet for the world to see. While a blatant invasion of privacy, it is also a sacrilegious towards the celebrity’s body and their rights to consent. In â€Å"Blame Photo Thieves, Not the Female Victim,† columnist Leonard Pitts Jr. expresses his perspective that while it is biologically natural for heterosexual men, regardless of occupation or personal beliefs, to find scantily clad women attractive, it should be a woman’s choice of whether to pose naked for the public or not. Pitts believes that a violation occurs when women are denied that choice and have personal nudes leaked over the internet, such as in recent cases involving Jenifer Lawrence, Kate Upton, Kirsen Dunst, and other high profile celebrities. Pitts claims that blaming the females for taking the photographs or placing them on an unreliable cloud would be similar to blaming the rape victim and the fault therefore lies with the perpetrator. Here, Pitt’s comments on the shrinking of the public sphere and

Solidification Definition and Examples

Solidification, also known as freezing, is a phase change of matter that results in the production of a solid. Generally, this occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered below its freezing point. Although the freezing point and melting point of most materials are the same temperature, this is not the case for all substances, so freezing point and melting point are not necessarily interchangeable terms. For example, agar (a chemical used in food and the laboratory)  melts at 85 C (185 F) yet solidifies from 31 C to 40 C (89.6 F to 104 F). Solidification is nearly always an exothermic process, meaning heat is released when a liquid changes into a solid. The only known exception to this rule is the solidification of low-temperature helium. Energy (heat) must be added to helium-3 and helium-4 for freezing to take place. Solidification and Supercooling Under certain conditions, a liquid may be cooled below its freezing point, yet not transition into a solid. This is known as supercooling  and it happens because most liquids crystallize to freeze. Supercooling may be readily observed by carefully freezing water. The phenomenon can occur when there is a lack of good nucleation sites from which solidification can proceed. Nucleation is when molecules from organized clusters. Once nucleation occurs, crystallization progresses until solidification happens. Solidification Examples Several examples of solidification may be found in everyday life, including: Freezing of water to form ice in an ice cube trayFormation of snowCongealing of bacon grease as it coolsSolidification of melted candle waxLava hardening into solid rock

Project Integration Management Simulation Analysis

Project Integration Management Simulation Analysis In the current business environment, the demand for project managers is ever growing. In short, project management is a provisional project constrained by time, cost and scope (A guide to the project management body of knowledge, 2013). Between the immense organization, optimization, and communication assets skilled project management brings to a project, it is easy to see why project management is a booming field of study. Furthermore, project management can be both financially and personally rewarding when long term milestones and goals come to fruition. However, obtaining the knowledge required to successfully orchestrate and manage projects is a challenge within itself. Individuals with the drive and desire to become project managers have a number of options regarding the means of properly equipping oneself for real world project management situations. In addition to seeking an academic degree in project management, and before becoming a certified Project Management Professional (PMP) with the Project Management Institute (PMI), learners are encouraged to participate in Project Integration Management Simulations through the PMI Registered Education Provider (REP) and world-class education simulation company, Double Masters (Double Masters, 2016). Lessons Learned Through Project Integration Management Simulation According to project management simulation professionals Double Masters, project management simulation isShow MoreRelatedSoftware Tools Used By The Knowledge Areas Of Project Management738 Words   |  3 Pages4. 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The smaller industrial, commercial and residentialRead MoreFlood Risks And Its Effects On Human Beings1491 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloped to help in the effective management of flood risks such as the socio-economic factors and the hydrologic cycle which have to be taken into consideration while discussing floods. Thesis Statement This particular paper, has therefore, created a discussion of floods by noting the impact it has on human beings by looking at the possible causes as suggested by scholars and also looking at mitigation strategies. Mitigation strategies include management strategies and the projection methodsRead MoreThe Effect Of Dss On The Corporate World989 Words   |  4 Pagesand management. Information systems of executives and other business performance software require faster decision making, identification of negative trends, and better allocation of business resources. 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The Effects of Colonization in Africa Free Essays

While Africans were deprived of basic human rights in some regions and lost many of their cultural aspects, these characteristics were overridden by industrialization, more job opportunities, and improved political structure during the European colonization of Africa from late 19th to mid-20th century. In document 5, it states â€Å"when the whites came to our country, we had the land and they had the Bible; now we have the Bible and they have the land,† an African proverb regarding the Europeans. Through missionaries, Africans gained the trade network and interracial relations, and Europeans expanded their territories as a result. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Colonization in Africa or any similar topic only for you Order Now The cheap labor force and raw materials were sent back to the mainland to be finished. The surplus goods from Europe were then sold in higher prices to Africans who could afford it (doc. 2). However, the natives were not always guaranteed equality (doc. 8), thus creating tension. Furthermore, there was friction among different tribes within a colony, due to the fact they were in the same location (doc. 11). Yet, it had a positive impact on economics as well. In some parts of Africa, one woman stated that the people were fortunate to be treated well compared to other parts. They were rewarded goods for their work, and the word â€Å"slavery† was abolished (doc. 6). The railroad was constructed for transporting the materials. Also, different tribes developed irrigation systems, and learned the use of the domestic animals, manure, and mechanical work (doc. 3). Additionally, people were taught different skills such as mining and blacksmithing. Some argued that this is forced, but it is rationalized that the natives are savages, therefore it was for their own good (doc. 1). In addition to economics, Europe brought political stability. From the Europeans’ perspective, the new government implemented by Europeans guaranteed the protection of people and their possessions (doc. 9). The tug-of-war (doc. 4) between the nations shows how it affected a colony’s political system. Thanks to the railroad, the government can oversee their colonies efficiently (doc. 7) while using militarism when needed (doc. 10), protecting their own colonies. Documents that would be helpful are from the ruling class for better understanding of its influence on the social hierarchy. How to cite The Effects of Colonization in Africa, Papers

Institutional Pharmacy Setting Essay Example For Students

Institutional Pharmacy Setting Essay Institutional Pharmacy Setting 1 Institutional Pharmacy Setting Axia College of University of Phoenix Leonalda Cruz Institutional Pharmacy Setting 2 An institutional pharmacy provides an array of services for residents of nursing homes, hospitals, hospice care, and other long term facilities. In this particular setting, the pharmacist will take responsibility for the medication that the patients’ need and ensures that patients’ medications are appropriate, effective, safe, and they are used correctly. A pharmacy technician may work with less supervision in this setting, so it is important that the technician also be familiar with dosing, compounding, IV administration, and other drug relation procedures. The institutional pharmacy provides delivery service and prescription drugs that are individually packaged. Pharmacists constantly check patients’ drug interaction to avoid duplication of the treatment and reactions. The institutional pharmacy is a principal defense against medical errors and allows the pharmacists and staff to provide patient the quality care that they deserve. The pharmacist counsels patients, provide drug regimens, and oversee medication distribution. Institutional pharmacists and technicians use controlled dispensing systems to make sure that patients have the right drugs at the right time and in the proper dosage and form. Intense services and comprehensive scope are other services provided by the institutional pharmacy. o  Ã‚   For what tasks might an institutional-pharmacy technician be responsible? o  Ã‚   How are medication orders processed in an institutional pharmacy setting? o  Ã‚   How do institutional and noninstitutional pharmacy settings differ? o  Ã‚   What patient issues might arise when working in an institutional pharmacy setting? o  Ã‚   Which issues may be unique to institutional pharmacy settings?

Slavery in America

By 1750, most slaves in America were not African born but America born. Several slaves worked in sugar, cotton and tobacco plantation. Very few of these slaves were African born, because the reduction in the importation of slaves from Africa.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Slavery in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Majority of these slaves were born in America, but they were descendants of Africans who were imported in America (Ira 112-115). During this time, there were three slavery systems. Slavery in South Carolina and Georgia low country was very harsh than the one in the Northern colonies. Most Slaves were imported from Africa to work on sugar, cotton and rice plantations. The slaves were forced to work in very harsh conditions including working in very hot marshy areas. they were affected by tropical diseases such as malaria which led to the death of several slaves. The number of enslaved populati on imported from Africa reduced in Chesapeake area, and in the Carolina Georgia low country. By 1750, the Chesapeake had the largest number of slaves in the mainland British America, but the majority of these slaves were American born or the Creoles. Slaves in Chesapeake enjoyed good working conditions with less exposure to subtropical diseases such as malaria and yellow fever (Edmund 111-112). Most of these Slaves were given permission by their slaveholders to have to choose their sex partners and subsequently give birth to children. Consequently the bearing of children naturally increased the number of slaves in this region leading to a reduction in number of slaves imported from Africa. Children worked with their parents in large plantations and lived with them in the slave cabins. This led to Creole slaves dominating this area (Allan 145-148). As the number of slaves imported from Africa reduced, the slave culture became more American. This led to the formation of African-Americ an communities in America. The whites less controlled these slaves. They were more exposed to the culture of the whites than those slaves from other regions. The American born slaves introduced Christianity on their traditional ceremonies such as emotional singing, and on death rituals (Edmund 111-112).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The slaves combined their musical instruments with American musical instruments to develop songs that expressed had African rhythm All these led to the development of Africa-American communities in America. The slaves who were born in America developed African American culture out of slavery. The development of afro-American culture had a significant effect on the establishment of African American communities (Ira 112-115). The new African-American culture influenced children of the white who were put under the care of black servants on the plantations. Ma ny of the African practices, values, and beliefs were blended with white culture. African American traditions were evident in American literature and religion and in other fields. The African American culture developed to become a significant part of American culture. African American culture led to a transformative impact on the American culture, which developed, into African-American communities (Allan 145-148). The culture of African slaves who were born in America has greatly influenced the American culture. The African-American communities were developed out of the American born slaves in America. Works Cited Edmund, Morgan. American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial  Virginia. New York: Wiley, 1975. Print. Ira, Berlin. The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998. Print. This essay on Slavery in America was written and submitted by user Emerald WildBoar to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The History of Figure Skating and Ice Skates

The History of Figure Skating and Ice Skates Historians generally agree that ice skating, what we also today call figure skating, originated in  Europe several millennia ago, though its unclear when and where the first ice skates came into use. Ancient European Origins Archaeologists have been discovering ice skates made from bone throughout Northern Europe and Russia for years, leading scientists to posit that this method of transport was at one point not so much an activity as a necessity. A pair pulled  from the bottom of a lake in Switzerland, dated back to about 3000 B.C., are considered to be one of the oldest skates  ever found. They are made from the leg bones of large animals, with holes bored into each end of the bone into which leather straps were inserted and used to tie the skates to the foot. It is interesting to note that the  old Dutch word for skate is schenkel, which means leg bone. However, a 2008 study of northern European geography and terrain concluded that ice skates likely appeared first in Finland  over 4000 years ago.  This conclusion was based on the fact that, given the number of lakes in  Finland, its people would have had to invent a time-saving way to navigate across the country. Obviously, it would have saved precious time and energy to figure out a way to cross the lakes, rather than circumnavigate them. Metal Edged These early European skates didnt actually cut into the ice. Instead, users moved across the ice by gliding, rather than by what we have come to know as true skating. That came later, around the late 14th century, when the Dutch started sharpening the edges of their formerly flat-bottomed iron skates. This invention now made it possible to actually skate along the ice, and it made poles, which previously had been used to aid in propulsion and balance, obsolete. Skaters could now push and glide with their feet, a movement we still call the Dutch Roll. Ice Dancing The father of modern figure skating is Jackson Haines, an American skater, and dancer who in 1865 developed the two-plate, all-metal blade, which he tied directly to his boots. These allowed him to incorporate a host of ballet and dance moves into his skating- up until that point, most people could only go forward and backward and trace circles or figure eights. Once Haines added the first toe pick to skates in the 1870s, jumps now became possible for figure skaters. Today, increasingly spectacular leaps and bounds are one of the things that have made figure skating such a popular spectator sport, and one of the highlights of the Winter Olympic games. Sporting Developments  was developed in 1875 in Canada, although the first  mechanically refrigerated ice rink, named the Glaciarium, was built in 1876, at Chelsea, London, England, by John Gamgee.   The Dutch are also likely responsible for holding the first  skating competitions, however, the first official speed skating events were not held until 1863 in Oslo, Norway. The  Netherlands hosted the first World Championships in 1889, with teams from Russia, the United States, and England joining the Dutch. Speed skating made its Olympic debut at the winter games in 1924. In 1914, John E. Strauss, a blade maker from St. Paul, Minnesota, invented the  first closed-toe blade made from one piece of steel, making skates lighter and stronger. And, in 1949, Frank Zamboni trademarked the ice resurfacing machine that bears his name. The largest, man-made outdoor ice rink is the Fujikyu Highland Promenade Rink in Japan, built in  1967. It boasts an ice area of 165,750 square feet, the equivalent of 3.8 acres. It is still in use today.