Slavery in America

By 1750, most slaves in America were not African born but America born. Several slaves worked in sugar, cotton and tobacco plantation. Very few of these slaves were African born, because the reduction in the importation of slaves from Africa.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Slavery in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Majority of these slaves were born in America, but they were descendants of Africans who were imported in America (Ira 112-115). During this time, there were three slavery systems. Slavery in South Carolina and Georgia low country was very harsh than the one in the Northern colonies. Most Slaves were imported from Africa to work on sugar, cotton and rice plantations. The slaves were forced to work in very harsh conditions including working in very hot marshy areas. they were affected by tropical diseases such as malaria which led to the death of several slaves. The number of enslaved populati on imported from Africa reduced in Chesapeake area, and in the Carolina Georgia low country. By 1750, the Chesapeake had the largest number of slaves in the mainland British America, but the majority of these slaves were American born or the Creoles. Slaves in Chesapeake enjoyed good working conditions with less exposure to subtropical diseases such as malaria and yellow fever (Edmund 111-112). Most of these Slaves were given permission by their slaveholders to have to choose their sex partners and subsequently give birth to children. Consequently the bearing of children naturally increased the number of slaves in this region leading to a reduction in number of slaves imported from Africa. Children worked with their parents in large plantations and lived with them in the slave cabins. This led to Creole slaves dominating this area (Allan 145-148). As the number of slaves imported from Africa reduced, the slave culture became more American. This led to the formation of African-Americ an communities in America. The whites less controlled these slaves. They were more exposed to the culture of the whites than those slaves from other regions. The American born slaves introduced Christianity on their traditional ceremonies such as emotional singing, and on death rituals (Edmund 111-112).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The slaves combined their musical instruments with American musical instruments to develop songs that expressed had African rhythm All these led to the development of Africa-American communities in America. The slaves who were born in America developed African American culture out of slavery. The development of afro-American culture had a significant effect on the establishment of African American communities (Ira 112-115). The new African-American culture influenced children of the white who were put under the care of black servants on the plantations. Ma ny of the African practices, values, and beliefs were blended with white culture. African American traditions were evident in American literature and religion and in other fields. The African American culture developed to become a significant part of American culture. African American culture led to a transformative impact on the American culture, which developed, into African-American communities (Allan 145-148). The culture of African slaves who were born in America has greatly influenced the American culture. The African-American communities were developed out of the American born slaves in America. Works Cited Edmund, Morgan. American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial  Virginia. New York: Wiley, 1975. Print. Ira, Berlin. The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998. Print. This essay on Slavery in America was written and submitted by user Emerald WildBoar to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The History of Figure Skating and Ice Skates

The History of Figure Skating and Ice Skates Historians generally agree that ice skating, what we also today call figure skating, originated in  Europe several millennia ago, though its unclear when and where the first ice skates came into use. Ancient European Origins Archaeologists have been discovering ice skates made from bone throughout Northern Europe and Russia for years, leading scientists to posit that this method of transport was at one point not so much an activity as a necessity. A pair pulled  from the bottom of a lake in Switzerland, dated back to about 3000 B.C., are considered to be one of the oldest skates  ever found. They are made from the leg bones of large animals, with holes bored into each end of the bone into which leather straps were inserted and used to tie the skates to the foot. It is interesting to note that the  old Dutch word for skate is schenkel, which means leg bone. However, a 2008 study of northern European geography and terrain concluded that ice skates likely appeared first in Finland  over 4000 years ago.  This conclusion was based on the fact that, given the number of lakes in  Finland, its people would have had to invent a time-saving way to navigate across the country. Obviously, it would have saved precious time and energy to figure out a way to cross the lakes, rather than circumnavigate them. Metal Edged These early European skates didnt actually cut into the ice. Instead, users moved across the ice by gliding, rather than by what we have come to know as true skating. That came later, around the late 14th century, when the Dutch started sharpening the edges of their formerly flat-bottomed iron skates. This invention now made it possible to actually skate along the ice, and it made poles, which previously had been used to aid in propulsion and balance, obsolete. Skaters could now push and glide with their feet, a movement we still call the Dutch Roll. Ice Dancing The father of modern figure skating is Jackson Haines, an American skater, and dancer who in 1865 developed the two-plate, all-metal blade, which he tied directly to his boots. These allowed him to incorporate a host of ballet and dance moves into his skating- up until that point, most people could only go forward and backward and trace circles or figure eights. Once Haines added the first toe pick to skates in the 1870s, jumps now became possible for figure skaters. Today, increasingly spectacular leaps and bounds are one of the things that have made figure skating such a popular spectator sport, and one of the highlights of the Winter Olympic games. Sporting Developments  was developed in 1875 in Canada, although the first  mechanically refrigerated ice rink, named the Glaciarium, was built in 1876, at Chelsea, London, England, by John Gamgee.   The Dutch are also likely responsible for holding the first  skating competitions, however, the first official speed skating events were not held until 1863 in Oslo, Norway. The  Netherlands hosted the first World Championships in 1889, with teams from Russia, the United States, and England joining the Dutch. Speed skating made its Olympic debut at the winter games in 1924. In 1914, John E. Strauss, a blade maker from St. Paul, Minnesota, invented the  first closed-toe blade made from one piece of steel, making skates lighter and stronger. And, in 1949, Frank Zamboni trademarked the ice resurfacing machine that bears his name. The largest, man-made outdoor ice rink is the Fujikyu Highland Promenade Rink in Japan, built in  1967. It boasts an ice area of 165,750 square feet, the equivalent of 3.8 acres. It is still in use today.

Of Guns and Butter The Path of Arrogance Article

Of Guns and Butter The Path of Arrogance - Article Example Originally, the macroeconomic reference was â€Å"Guns or Butter?† meaning that society often has to choose between those two opposites: guns representing military-type goods, while butter represents civilian goods. It was clear throughout most of the decades of the mid-Twentieth Century that no country could have as much as it might desire of both guns and butter, as that would violate the concept of production possibilities based on limited economic resources. Therefore, every society has to pick and choose its products. Sometimes, the contrast is made between capital goods versus consumer goods, with the same conclusion: we cannot continually expand the production of both types of products and services without running grave economic risks. One of the most serious of those risks is that the monetary, fiscal, and liquidity policies needed to make us produce the maximum of both â€Å"guns and butter† will inevitably lead to hyperinflation, as this vast array of governme nt demands is added to existing and growing non-governmental demands for consumer and capital goods. As the Federal government, in particular, uses trillion-dollar deficit spending to finance its own purchases, running the monetary printing presses to cover those costs, the value of our money will inevitably decline. That decline is the essence of inflation, and it is likely to escalate as the overspending by all sectors of the economy continues and grows. As prices rise alarmingly, money will begin to become worthless, as happened in numerous countries which followed such policies in the past.

What Is Globalisation and How Does It Affect the Multinational Essay - 1

What Is Globalisation and How Does It Affect the Multinational Enterprises - Essay Example This research will begin with the definition of globalization as the process through which isolated regions of the world become more integrated as a result of increased international cooperation in the exchange of knowledge, cultural values, political ideas, and economics. This process has largely been made possible by technology advances with special attention to the internet. Indeed, as the world has become more connected to the internet, people across the world have increasingly become interdependent in such activities as political policy, travel, communications, and trade However, while contemporary assumptions are that globalization is a fairly modern phenomenon as a result of ICT inventions, it has actually been taking place for hundreds of years. For instance, the Silk Road that spanned from East Asia into Europe is early evidence of international trade and cultural exchange, as is the invention of railroads and steamships. What has made globalization especially salient in the last one hundred years is that the invention of road vehicles and airplanes has dramatically eased international trade and exchange? Moreover, digital communication tools invented in the late 20th century have made globalization in the modern sense a reality. One organization that owes much of its success to globalization is Wal-Mart, which has been able to take advantage of cheaper imports, cheaper labor, and improved logistics and ICT capabilities in previously isolated regions like East Asia to gain a comparative advantage. The term globalization is derived from the verb â€Å"globalize† that encompasses the aspect of international influence and interdependence between diverse economic and social systems. The concept of globalization has several definitions and interpretations, which range from such diverse disciplines as anthropology, philosophy, sociology, and business. According to Dehesa, there are four fundamental aspects from a business perspective that define the c oncept, which are trade and transactions, movement and migration of people, investment and capital movements, and knowledge dissemination. Globalization, in essence, is a natural phenomenon that enables for synergy in both markets and cultures through the process of specialization.

Article Analysis Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Article Analysis Assignment - Essay Example The health insurance has really helped people in settling the hospital bills and they are somehow economical. However, when adopting an insurance cover all the aspects need to be considered so as to ensure both efficiency and effectiveness as the document discusses. The document analyzes an article that argues that the publicly insured Americans have somewhat poorer lung transplantation survival as opposed to the UK patients. Approximately 30000 Americans suffer from cystic fibrous (CF) which is an inherited condition. The condition makes the digestive system and the lungs to be blocked with thick and mucus. People suffering from CF tend to experience severe malnutrition, long infections, breathing difficulties and premature deaths. Some CF cases are treatable with just anti-inflammatory drugs and other medicines. However, at the condition’s advanced levels patients may be required to undergo the lung transplantation process. According to Dr. Shah, senior investigator, lung transplantation is one of the complex procedures carried out today. It requires wealth of resources as well as careful long-term management by a number of specialists (Whiteman, 2015). The study assessed the survival of patients suffering from CF in UK and USA who are covered by public insurance of these two respective nations. NHS is the British public insurance while in America Medicare and Medicaid are the effective public insurance. The study involved 2307 both British and American CF patients aged 12 years or older who underwent either the lung transplant or combined heart-lung transplant between the years 2000 and 2011. The study revealed that the British publicly insured patients had approximate survival of 8.1 years as opposed to their American counterparts who had an average of 4.7 years (Whiteman, 2015). The American patients who were privately insured also had poorer outcomes with an approximate survival of 7.9 years. It is worth

ANALYSIS OF AGAMEMNON BY AESCHYLUS

ANALYSIS OF AGAMEMNON BY AESCHYLUS The themes in this play are centered on the argument which stipulates human minds in very violent and problematic aspects due the following; the lust for power and the violent acts associated with it, the chauvinistic clash male against female dominance, crime and its penalty, sensation versus motive; tribal alienation versus democratic idealism; contamination and purification. These have been emphasized because of their prevalence in the family set-up. The center point is Apollo puts a curse on prophetess Cassandra for refusing to give her a hand in marriage, she willingly accepts the responsibility for the outcomes of Apollos curse (Fagles, 2010). Prophetess Cassandra had entered into an agreement that required him to give her gift to prophesize in return for her; however after getting the power to prophesize she did fulfill her promise which prompts Apollo to punish her. This is enough evidence of arrogance defiance to a god by women. Historically, there are political issues that involve leaders, wars, and maintenance of law and order. The Furies plays the judicial role by punishing those involved in terrible crimes through tormenting them by irreversible curses. In this case a person is not punished by human laws, the gods do the task. Through the Chorus the Greek soldiers are warned of the possible punishment for being too much violent on Troy because that shows lawlessness. Apollo with his powers can not save the prophetess Cassandra from the eminent murder threat from Clytaemnestra, therefore she is very upset. She was cursed to see future events but she can not have control over them. The power of the gods is evident when Agamemnon and prophetess Cassandra are pronounced to death but no human powers are able to change. Clytaemnestra torments Agamemnon by cleverly convincing him to walk across the red carpet an act which is signifies his demand for recognition of the role she played in the Greek victory. This is an offence to the gods. As with Cassandra, Clytaemnestra believes in the ideas that justice is best achieved through revenge An eye for an eye, she believes that more murder can be a possible cleansing for the sins caused by the earlier murders (Wilson, 2010). Politically The play fits into its time politically by carefully a portraying a pattern in change where that it is still possible for the less powerful class of the society to continue to play their normal roles in the society. This play is an avenue through which the Athenians to are able to understand recent political changes and be able to understand them (Aeschylus Et al. 2004). This pattern of change shows the drastic changes that are left behind by various that the people leave after them. This is evident when Athena persuades Furies to give up their violent pursuit of Orestes for revenge of killing his mother. Furies are therefore helping maintain the cosmic order by enforcing laws that the father of gods and men administer hence they are not viewed as being anarchic and primitive spirits of violence. They are therefore feared and honored just as Artemis because they are concerned with justice in the society. The play also fits into its time politically as it was written a time when tragedy was an order of the day in ancient Greeks politics especially when it was under tyrant Pisistratus hence playwright had to restructure their contents to portray the state of the politics of the time. In Oresteia drama therefore was used to magnify political issues of the time by embedding to the tradition of the Athenians. The habit of arrogance is termed as a crime that has the consequences of a heavy punishment. The old men had a tough warning that being excessive and full of pride. Paris didnt hit to this advice and therefore became guilty because he arrogantly caused violence to Menelaus trust, more worse he proceeded to kidnap Helen, Menalaus wife. This act led to terrible suffering though his own death and the subsequent destruction of his city and lineage. Sociologically The play fits it its time in that it describes an era when women could be seen to take leadership role sin the society and the author portrays women as being strong and powerful just as men are, for example Clytaemestra rules Argos while his husband is away in try and also manages to connive him to walk on the red carpet despite the fact that is only meant for gods. Clytaemnestra is a woman who exhibits the behaviour of a man despite the fact that she is of a weaker gender, this caused the Chorus of Elders to be upset. She performs different tasks that women were not supposed to do, for instance she is a murderer and his mannerisms were weird because he could talk back them, she even goes to the extent of admiring to be the ruler of Argos (Slayford-Wei, 2010). However she did every thing what was not supposed to be done by other women, she was a murder, she was talking back to men and she wanted to rule Argos which all this were meant only to be done by men. From the Mens Chorus Helen and Clytaemnestra are depicted as creatures that are extremely evil because they bring destruction and wreck to the ways of men. The belief by Cassandra is that women should have respect for their husbands and always try being good wives. She doesnt believe that Clytaemnestra has the right to brutally murder her husband, although Clytaemnestra is angry because of the death of Iphigenia. Cassandra is so disgusted that she compares Clytaemnestra to a very hideous animal. The Chorus of old men clearly ignores her warnings but she is confident of what will happen she therefore chooses to remain calm with a passive acceptance of her death. The Chorus of men is in disbelief of the fact that a woman like Clytaemnestra could actually dare to perform such an act of murder because of her woman wood. Clytaemnestra dares them by proving her animosity as she proudly explains to them how she performed this violent act with her own bloody hands. In their response, they say that she will be crushed to death by the bitter feeling of men, this is partly due to the fact that the deadly crime was committed by a mere creature which is a woman. Spiritually The author argues that there is a thin line between humans and beast and thus allows human to transform to beasts to try and show that the people that leaved at that time were as in human as beast would be fro instance the wife of the king who eagerly anticipate to the return of his husband so that he would murder him and continue ruling (Wilson, 2010). This is further clarified when she finally hideously murders his husband upon his return from Troy. Athenians at the time of Agamemnon showed little or no loyalty to their women and mostly never involved them in the making of family decisions. For stance when Agamemnon is given a chance to make a decision between giving wind to his men and saving his daughters life ,he respects his men more and even goes ahead to sacrifice his own daughter without consulting his wife, Clytaemnestra. The elders in the chorus are fast to blames Helen for what has befall Argos had termed her to a typical woman who causes trouble and the one who caused the Trojan war. They are not ready to pass the blame to the man who kidnapped her simply because he is a man and she has to take the blame because she is a woman. More so the king Agamemnon blames Helen for all the deaths that resulted from the etojan war. The Chorus shows high respect for the gods by fearing beings such as the goddess Artemis. The gods as are very powerful, Goddess Artemis at one point demands for Agamemnon to make his daughter a sacrifice in order for the Greek ships to sail to Troy. The old men make their appeal for help from Zeus (gods king) and Artemis brother Apollo. Apollo with his powers can not save the prophetess Cassandra from the eminent murder threat from Clytaemnestra, therefore she is very upset. She was cursed to see future events but she can not have control over them. The power of the gods is evident when Agamemnon and prophetess Cassandra are pronounced to death but no human powers are able to change. Clytaemnestra torments Agamemnon by cleverly convincing him to walk across the red carpet, an act which is signifies his demand for recognition of the role she played in the Greek victory. This is an offence to the gods. Philosophically The play indicates that Athenians respected their older gods even after they have been overthrown by the younger gods. This is shown by the appearance of the Cronos in the Oresteia despite the fact that it was no longer worshiped. This play therefore insist that when there is change there is bound to be losers and winners but the losers are contented for the good of the greater society (Slayford-Wei, 2010). The play shows that Athenians believed in existence and inheritance of curses. This is evident in the adage sins of the father are visited upon the son. Aegusthus father evokes a curse to Atreus his Son, when he was fed on the butchered children. Also Athenians had the thinking of violence begets violence meaning that revenge was seen as the only normal and right way of avenging against once defaulter. An eye for an eye was the way to societal justice. Agamemnon avoids being perceived as unmanly due to the excessive obedience to womanly wishes. He therefore distrusts her because of her attempts to use womanly ways in convincing him. He tries to imply that women are typically manipulative creatures however Clytaemnestra shows her prevalence over this man when he willingly to walks on a red carpet. She holds really power over men, her husband also included. Towards the end of the story, there is role reversing between men and women, Clytaemnestra, remains as the only woman in charge; she bosses to Aegisthus and the Chorus as the only male characters around her, these two characters acts like women despite the fact that they represent men (Slayford-Wei, (2010). The chorus of men was initially disrespective to her; Clytaemnestra can now belittle all male characters. Therefore, the Greek society questions the reversal of roles and its effects to the mens position. Clytaemnestra behavior is typically that of a man, this upsets the Chorus of Elders. By doing everything in a manly manner she believes that she has finally delivered justice to Argos, she manages to end the curse of bloodshed that had been in force for several years. In the chorus I swept from these halls/the murder, it is enough evidence for her belief, According to her, the murders of Agamemnon and Cassandra marks the erasure of previous generations bloodshed.

Essay on Technical Qualities, Symbolism, and Imagery of Dover Beach

Technical Qualities, Symbolism, and Imagery of "Dover Beach" In "Dover Beach," Matthew Arnold creates a dramatic monologue of the Victorian Era that shows how perceptions can be misleading. Arnold conveys the theme of "Dover Beach" through three essential developments: the technical qualities of the poem itself, symbolism, and imagery. The theme of illusion versus reality in "Dover Beach" reflects the speaker's awareness of the incompatibility between what is perceived and what truly is real. The technical qualities of the poem include rhythm and meter, rhyme, figures of speech, sound, and irony of the words. The mechanics alone do not explain why illusion and reality differ, but they do help to explain how Arnold sets up the poem to support the theme. The most prominent mechanisms include the rhythm and the meter of the lines and the stanzas of the poem. Line 1 is an iambic trimeter: The sea/is calm/to-night. The gentle pulsating rhythm of the iamb mirrors the ebb and flow of the sea. The actual words of the first line manifest this idea to picture a calm sea gently lapping at the beach. The second line, an iambic tetramater, also reveals a calm sea. However, line 3 breaks the pattern and forces the reader to break his or her own rhythm. Line 3 includes: Upon/the straits,//on the French/Coast/the light. The line begins and ends with an iamb, but the middle is broken up with an anapest. The anapest is a foreshadow of the tumult to come. The fourth line breaks up even farther with an anapest at the beginning, but the fifth line recovers the rhythm. Glimmering/and vast//out in/the tran/quil bay. The rhythm recovers by the end of the first stanza, but the original trimeter has not. The number of feet per lin... ...he speaker is supported by the rhythm and the meter, the lack of a consistent rhyme scheme, the figures of speech, the sound of the words, and the irony of the entire poem. The symbolism of the sea and the imagery of light and dark bring out the alternating visual and auditory qualities, which elaborate on illusion and reality, respectively, Arnold's portrayal of one person's battle with illusion and reality shows a complex view of humanity in a simple poem. Works Cited Arnold, Matthew. "Dover Beach." [1867] Literature. 5th ed. Eds. James H. Pickering and Jeffery D. Hoeper. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice, 1997. 952-53. Ciardi, John. How Does A Poem Mean? Boston: Houghton, 1975. 196. Untermeyer, Louis. The Pursuit of Poetry. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1969. 57-59. Walcutt, Charles Child. The Explicator. Chicago: Quadrangle, 1968. 16-9.